Horizontal ties should be provided in two directions at approximately right angle for corner columns.
Floor level tie rods old masonry buildings.
By attaching the tie rods this way builders essentially anchored the floor beams to the walls.
Being visible many anchor plates are made in a style that is decorative.
Structural engineer michael bussell explains the highly significant but often overlooked role of structural ironwork in 19th century british architecture exploring its uses and properties and detailing current best practice in assessing repairing and maintaining structural cast and wrought iron elements as well as the relevant fire protection issues.
It can arise also from calcula tions or by comparisons with similar build ings that have been damaged in other places.
In the 13th 16th centuries arches vaults and domes were made by inserting.
The rods were used to secure floor support beams to the mill walls.
Other names and styles of anchor plate include earthquake washer triangular washer s iron and t head.
Towards the end of the 19th century and during the beginning of the 20th they were used often in the construction of buildings to connect cables and tie rods and provide support when they were used to stabilize older structures.
The bars and straps are secured to the internal face of the wall using falcon resin anchors and are then notched into and securely screwed to the floor joists.
Anchor plates are used on exterior walls of masonry buildings for structural reinforcement.
This can look haphazard in some cases but can also be planned to fit into a design assuming a builder is on board and it fits the budget.
Strengthening of buildings 9 1 introduction the need to improve the ability of an exist ing building to withstand seismic forces arises usually from the evidence of dam age and poor behaviour during a recent earthquake.
In the united.
Throughout history metal tie rods and anchor plates have been installed to deal with structural problems reinforce the masonry structure and absorb the outward pressure.
One popular style is the star anchor an anchor plate cast or wrought in the shape of a five pointed star.
A steel cover was added to the anchoring system in order to protect the nut and the steel tie rod to provide permanent access.
The smaller value is selected from equation 4.
Design tie force 2f t or floor to ceiling height in m 2 5 f t equation 4.
Though they can have other functions tie rods and anchor plates used to connect exterior walls to internal floor and roof beams generally follow a horizontal line on building facades.
Design tie force three percent of the total ultimate vertical load in the wall or column at that level equation 5.
Falcon tie bars and straps offer an effective solution to such problems by tying back affected walls.
An anchor plate floor plate or wall washer is a large plate or washer connected to a tie rod or bolt.
Builders attached the rods to the beams and then pushed them through the wall securing them to the outside in a way similar to using nuts and bolts.
Many older buildings suffer from bulging brickwork and leaning walls particularly those constructed with internal floors and walls providing no lateral restraint.
